Month: September 2013

EDU

Protected: How to inspire your children do good

EDU

EDU

R4E130913 – Apollos (New Testament Character Study) by Douglas Jacoby

You can download the full audiobook recording on qobuz or amazon or itunes.

Background

The name derives from the name of the sun-god of the ancient Greeks (and Romans), Apollo.
He was an Egyptian, and more specifically an Alexandrian.
Alexandria was the intellectual capital of Egypt, Africa, and perhaps the entire Mediterranean world at the time. Founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, it became the capital of Egypt for a millennium, until the Muslims took over in the 7th century.
Like the majority of leaders in the first generation of Christianity, Apollos was a Jew.
After he linked up with Priscilla and Aquila, he became a ministry associate of the apostle Paul.

Scriptural study

Questions

Q1: Who had taught Apollos?
Q2: As he was “fervent in spirit/Spirit,” did he possess the Holy Spirit when Priscilla and Aquila first reached out to him?
Q3: Who taught him the second time, and what (if anything) does this say about women teaching?
Q4: Was Apollos baptized again?
Q5: What is the connection between Apollos and other followers of John the Baptist (Acts 19)? It appears he had been taught correctly, yet they had not.
Q6: What scriptures did he use to prove Jesus was the Christ?
Q7: Are we willing to be corrected where our doctrine is incomplete?
Q8: Do we appreciate the value of evidences, not only for those who lack faith, but also for those who already believe? With respect to why young people overwhelmingly reject the faith they grew up with, read the results of the important Barna poll.
Q9: In expressing my preferences for leaders / leadership styles, am I more a unifying force in the local church, or a dividing influence?
Q10: Do I lead in such a way that others rally behind me and withdraw support from others to whom they owe allegiance and respect? Or am I a team player?
Q11: Do I feel at liberty to make my own decisions?
Q12: If I am a leader, do I allow others the liberty of making their own decisions? Or am I so forceful that they feel they cannot say no?

Conclusion

We need more Apolloses!
Apollos should be an upward call. Yet if we only say, “He was an exception,” we let ourselves off the hook for our own responsibility to (1) know the scriptures, (2) engage with others, and ultimately (3) allow the Lord to use us as he sees fit.

Further

Tradition: Lutherans and others consider him to be a saint.
Jerome (Hieronymus) of Bethlehem, c.400 AD, said that Apollos was so dissatisfied with the division at Corinth that he retired to Crete with Zenas, a doctor of the law; and once the schism was eliminated by the influence of 1 Corinthians, Apollos returned there and became its bishop. But such a perspective reflects the church polity of the subapostolic age (2nd century onward), not the apostolic age, when “bishops” did not exist in the singular; a body of overseers [episkopoi, bishops] led the local churches.
Martin Luther and various modern scholars propose that Apollos is the (anonymous) author of the epistle to the Hebrews.

EDU

R4E130911 – Ishmael (Old Testament Character Study) by Douglas Jacoby

You can download the full audiobook recording on qobuz or amazon or itunes.

Hebrew words:

Yishma’el (Ishmael) — God hears.
The point: God hears, and cares for, and works in the lives of all human beings — not just the covenant people.
Note: the translations used in this podcast are the CSB and NASB.

Further study:

Biblical:
- Genesis 16:9-16: Ishmael is born as a result of human attempts to receive (accelerate) God’s promises, after Sarah and Abraham had waited 11 years. In contrast, Isaac, born 14 years later — 25 years after the promise was given — was clearly the work of God. His birth was possible only because of the Lord.
- Genesis 17:20, 23-26; 21:8-21; 25:7-17 (35:29).
- Galatians 4:21-5:1; Revelation 3:12; 21:2, 10.
- Ishmael and the Ishmaelites are mentioned in Genesis 16, 17, 25, 28, 36, 37; Judges 8:24; Psalm 83.
Study Paul’s use of flesh and spirit and law in Galatians and Romans. Flesh is the human tendency to take matters into our own hands, rather than trusting God to work in our lives. In connection with this, read the interesting articles on Human Nature and Driven Men.
Extrabiblical:
- Read about the Qur’anic view of Ishmael, ‘Isma’il in Arabic. Seeking legitimacy, the Muslims eventually chose Ishmael as an “ancestor,” although in fact many of the Arab peoples have no Ishmaelite blood in their veins at all.
- A less fair, though provocative and stimulating webpage is found here.
- If you want to learn more about Islam, Jesus and Islam (2009) has lots of material.

Some things we learn about God:

God often reverses the natural order of things. In the Bible, and especially in Genesis, the younger supplants the older, receiving the blessing that would otherwise be his.
God hears the prayers of sinners (with the exceptions of Psalm 66:18, Isaiah 59:1ff, John 9:31). Otherwise, Matthew 7:7 would not make sense.
God cares for those who are outside his covenant people.
- Genesis 14 — Melchizedek.
- Amos 9:7, Jonah 4:11, etc.
- Hear also the audio lesson in Foundations for Faith: Old Testament Survey, on God’s Universal Purpose.
If God kept his promises to Ishmael, who was not a son of promise or child of the covenant, how much more will he keep his promises to those of his chosen line?

For kids:

Read portions of Genesis 21. Tell the basic story: Abraham had two sons. One was 13 years older than the other! Abraham loved Ishmael very much.
Explain that Sarah, Ishmael’s stepmother, was not very nice to him. Even though it was hard for Ishmael and his mother, they did okay.
God’s plan for Ishmael was not the same as his plan for Isaac. Through Isaac all the world would be blessed — he would be the ancestor of Jesus. Ishmael went on to become the father of twelve triibes (just like Jacob later on).
Like Abraham, God loves all his children. He will accomplish different things through different people. We should not be jealous, or doubt God’s love or us, even if we can’t understand his plans.

Key verses:

17:20 and 21:18 — God cares for Ishmael; he did not write off him and his descendants.
25:9 — Ishmael comes together with his younger brother Isaac to bury their father, Abraham.
Galatians 4:29 — This passage is not referring to the Muslims, but to the religious establishment. In the first century, this was Second Temple Judaism. While many Jews embraced Christ and the gospel, others dismissed Christ; they were no longer the covenant people of God.